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Brazil Divorce Guide: Laws, Process & Costs

Everything you need to know about divorce in Brazil.10 in-depth guides covering your rights, costs, and options.

Legal System

Civil law

Divorce Type

No-fault (direct divorce since 2010)

Waiting Period

None

Average Cost

BRL 2,000–50,000+

Property System

Comunhão parcial de bens (partial community) default

Residency

Residence in Brazil

Divorce Law in Brazil: Overview

Brazil eliminated all separation requirements in 2010 with Emenda Constitucional 66, allowing direct divorce without any waiting period or grounds. For mutual consent divorces without minor children, the entire process can be handled at a cartório (notary office) without setting foot in a court — making Brazil one of the fastest and simplest divorce systems in the Americas. Joint custody has been the legal presumption since 2014 (Lei 13.058). Brazil's default property regime is partial community (comunhão parcial de bens), where only assets acquired during the marriage are shared.

Key Legislation

Emenda Constitucional 66/2010

Eliminated separation requirement — direct divorce with no waiting period.

Lei 13.058/2014

Joint custody (guarda compartilhada) as the default presumption.

Código Civil Articles 1.571-1.582

Divorce provisions, property, and effects.

Lei 11.441/2007

Allows extrajudicial divorce at notary office for mutual consent.

Grounds for Divorce

  • No grounds needed since 2010
  • Either spouse can file unilaterally
  • No separation period required

How to Divorce in Brazil: Step-by-Step

1

Choose path

Extrajudicial (notary) if mutual consent, no minor children, no pregnant spouse. Otherwise judicial.

2

Notary divorce

Both spouses appear with lawyers at a cartório. Can be done in a single session.

3

Judicial divorce

File at the local Vara de Família (family court). Required if children involved.

4

Partilha de bens

Property division — can be done at divorce or later.

5

Certidão de divórcio

Divorce certificate issued. Registered in the civil registry.

Recent Legal Reforms

2010

EC 66/2010: direct divorce, no separation requirement, no grounds needed.

2014

Lei 13.058: joint custody presumption — courts must justify sole custody.

2007

Extrajudicial divorce at notary offices authorized.

What Makes Brazil Divorce Unique

  • Divorce at notary office: fast, cheap, no court needed (for mutual consent without children)
  • No grounds and no waiting period since 2010
  • Joint custody is the legal presumption — sole custody must be justified
  • Property division can be deferred and completed after the divorce

Brazil Divorce Statistics

~35% of marriages (rising)

Divorce rate

~40% of all divorces (growing)

Notary divorces

1-2 weeks

Average duration (notary)

6-18 months

Average duration (judicial)

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Legal Disclaimer: This article covers Brazil divorce law for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Laws change frequently. Always consult a qualified family law attorney or solicitor in Brazil for advice specific to your situation.